Tokenomics
Velodrome Finance uses two tokens to manage its utility and governance:
$VELO
— ERC-20 utility token of the protocol$veVELO
— ERC-721 governance token in the form of an NFT (non-fungible token)
$VELO
is used for rewarding liquidity providers through emissions.
$veVELO
is used for governance. Any $VELO
holder can vote-escrow their tokens and
receive a $veVELO
(also known as veNFT) in exchange. Additional tokens can be
added to the $veVELO
NFT at any time.
The lock period (also known as vote-escrowed period, hence the ve prefix) can be up to 4 years, following the linear relationship shown below:
- 100
$VELO
locked for 4 years will become 100$veVELO
- 100
$VELO
locked for 1 year will become 25$veVELO
The longer the vesting time, the higher the voting power (voting weight) and
rewards the $veVELO
holder receives.
ve(3,3) Mechanics
Velodrome Finance mechanics reflect a combination of two DeFi concepts:
- Vote-Escrow — first introduced by Curve to strengthen incentives for long-term token holders
- Staking/Rebasing/Bonding or (3,3) game theory — designed by Olympus DAO
Combined, the ve(3,3) mechanism rewards behaviors correlated with Velodrome's success, such as
liquidity provision and long-term token holding. Liquidity providers receive $VELO
emissions,
and $veVELO
holders receive protocol fees, bribes, rebases, and governance power.
Below, we will walk through the components of the mechanism in order to explain how it helps the incentives flow to the most valuable of the ecosystem liquidity pools.
Initial Distribution
The airdrop claim period is now complete. Thank you to everyone who participated!
At launch we distributed $VELO
and $veVELO
to
users and protocols we believe are likeliest to contribute to our
mission to become the liquidity base layer of the Optimism ecosystem.
Distribution
Community
240M (60%) $VELO
tokens will be distributed to the people who have played the biggest role in
incubating Velodrome and those likeliest to contribute to its long-term
success, including:
$WEVE
holders (27%, 108M$VELO
)$OP
network users (18%, 72M$VELO
)- 3755
$VELO
/wallet — Addresses qualified as Repeat Optimism Users
- 3755
- Cross-chain DeFi users (15%, 60M
$VELO
):- 3500
$VELO
/wallet — Curve Protocol wallets with a 1450+ days (maximum)$veCRV
lock time - 3000
$VELO
/wallet — Convex Protocol lockers of$vlCVX
since new lock contract deployment - 3000
$VELO
/wallet — Treasure DAO Genesis Mine$MAGIC
stakers for 1- and 3-month periods - 2000
$VELO
/wallet — Platypus Protocol stakers with$vePTP
and$PTP
balance - 500
$VELO
/wallet — Redacted Cartel participants in genesis Dutch auction who didn't sell their$BTRFLY
- 500
$VELO
/wallet — Eminence Finance wallets affected with EMN, eAAVE, eLINK, eYFI, eSNX or eCRV balance
- 3500
Protocols
We will consider a variety of metrics in assessing the available protocols, including TVL, transaction volume, unique wallets, and Optimism team input.
The airdrop of 72M (18%) $veVELO
is aimed at attracting and engaging 10-15 protocols most
likely to contribute to Velodrome and Optimism's long-term success.
The amount of $veVELO
airdropped will provide just enough voting power to familiarize
the protocols with the ecosystem and give them a head start, but it will leave space
for the protocols to accrue value by acquiring $VELO
for long-term liquidity provision.
Grants
We have reserved 24M (6%) $veVELO
to distribute to partner protocols
after the launch. This will be used to engage partners in the ecosystem through
grants.
Team
The team will receive an initial allocation that it will use to vote
to drive emissions to key protocol pairs such as $VELO-$USDC
and to support
ongoing protocol development. The total team allocation is 40M (10%) in $VELO
and $veVELO
.
The team will vest 25% of its initial allocation in the form of a
$veVELO
and use it to vote for $VELO
pairs in perpetuity.
While a fully autonomous and immutable protocol is an admirable objective, it comes at a cost. Velodrome Finance will ensure its long-term sustainability by employing a dedicated team focused on supporting the product, documentation, community, and ecosystem. As the protocol evolves, the Velodrome team will consider introducing more immutability or DAO components where appropriate.
To cover ongoing expenses and all the upcoming development efforts, 3% of the emissions will be going to the team address.
The team vesting compensation breakdown:
- 15,520,816
$VELO
vesting for 12 months, 6-month lock in a$veVELO
followed by a linear 6-month unlock period. 0.5% of total emissions, taken from emissions to treasury, will be added to this bucket for dilution control. - 7,200,000
$VELO
vesting for 24 months, 12-month lock in a$veVELO
followed by a linear 12-month unlock period. - All ongoing payments made to the team members in
$VELO
will vest for 6 months, 3-month lock in a$veVELO
followed by a linear 3-month unlock period.
Optimism Team
The Optimism team has a vested interest in ensuring that Velodrome achieves its
mission of serving as an ecosystem public good. The team will receive 20M (5%) $veVELO
in the initial
distribution, to support that interest.
Genesis Liquidity Pools
Genesis Pools will distribute 4M (1%) $VELO
to liquidity providers of foundational token pairs to
provide better liquidity and user experience from launch day. Genesis pool emissions will be first
directed to the $VELO
-$USDC
pool and will start a few days before the first epoch votes are cast.
Emissions
The initial supply of $VELO
is 400M.
Weekly emissions start at 15M $VELO
(3.75% of the initial supply)
and decay at 1% per week (epoch).
$veVELO
holders receive a rebase proportional to epoch LP emissions
and the ratio of $veVELO
to $VELO
supply, thus reducing vote power
dilution for $veVELO
!
The weekly rebase amount is calculated with the following formula:
(veVELO.totalSupply ÷ VELO.totalsupply)³ × 0.5 × Emissions
$veVELO
supply does not affect weekly LP emissions.
Emission Schedule
Gauge Voting
$veVELO
holders decide which liquidity pools receive emissions in a given epoch by
voting on their preferred liquidity pool gauges. $VELO
emissions will be distributed
proportionally to the total votes a liquidity pool receives.
In return, voters receive 100% of the trading fees and bribes collected through the liquidity pool they vote for.
Voting for gauges, or in fact any action related to the $veVELO
NFT is
allowed only once per epoch. This means that calling Voter.reset()
(used for
resetting an NFT vote state and usually required before merging it into another
$veVELO
NFT) or Voter.poke()
(used to re-cast the votes for the current epoch in
order to direct emissions and earn bribes) counts as an action for the current
epoch.
While limiting the protocol participants to one action per epoch is not ideal, it does make the protocol safer against potential exploitative behaviour.
Unused $veVELO
voting power is still taken into account as we calculate the
weight of the vote upon epoch flip and based on the locked vesting slope.
Please make sure you always cast 100% of your voting power to avoid unexpected outcomes!
Rewards
There are 4 types of rewards on Velodrome Finance.
Emissions
Represent $VELO
distributed to liquidity pool stakers. The amount of
$VELO
distributed towards every pool is proportional to the voting power
received from the voters every epoch.
These rewards are streaming and are available for claim as these accrue.
Fees
Represent liquidity pool trading fees distributed to voters in pool tokens (
e.g., if the pool is vAMM-VELO/USDC
the distributed tokens are $VELO
and
$USDC
).
The tokens are streaming proportionally to the voting power cast by a voter and the accrued amount of trading fees.
These rewards are available for claim as they accrue. They do not need to be claimed each epoch.
Bribes
In addition to the fees, liquidity pools allow external rewards from anyone (known as bribes). Bribes can be added to whitelisted pools and are distributed only to voters on that pool, proportionally to their share of pool votes.
These rewards are available for claim after the epoch flips
(after Wednesday 23:59 UTC), and are proportional to the voting power cast by a
voter ($veVELO
).
Rebases
Represent $veVELO
distributed to $veVELO
holders in order to reduce the
voting power dilution.
These rewards are available for claim as these accrue and are streaming
proportionally to all $veVELO
holders.
Rewards claim
Rebase rewards claim is available one full epoch after tokens are locked. External bribe rewards are claimable after a new epoch has started (epochs increment right after 23:59 UTC each Wednesday).
An example of bribes, voting, and rewards claim timeline:
- A new epoch starts Thursday (00:00 UTC)
- Bribes are deposited at any point in the epoch
- Voters vote for their preferred pools
- Once the next epoch arrives (the following Thursday), users are able to claim rewards from the UI or the corresponding
WrappedExternalBribe
contract
Whitelisting
While Velodrome supports permissionless liquidity pool and gauge creation, these can only include whitelisted tokens. The protocol will launch with an extensive list of pre-whitelisted tokens, including those from partner protocols.
Partners can request additional tokens to be whitelisted.
A permissionless whitelisting on-chain governance process will be implemented in the future, pending required on-chain governance infrastructure on Optimism.
Commissaire
Requirements for whitelisting are critical to ensuring that the protocol cannot be exploited by actors attempting to game emissions.
To support the health of the protocol and ecosystem, the Commissaire (a Curve-esque Emergency DAO) will have the right to disable hostile gauges.
The Commissaire will initially consist of seven members from the Velodrome team and prominent figures from within the Optimism community.